A multi-ecosystem prioritization framework to balance competing habitat conservation needs of multiple species in decline

Abstract Context Individual species often drive habitat restoration action; however, management under this paradigm may negatively affect non-target species. Prioritization frameworks which explicitly consider benefits to target while minimizing consequences for improve strategies and outcomes. Objectives We examined extents conifer removal, an approach frequently implemented restore sagebrush ecosystems, can be conducted without detrimental effects conifer-associated species, including the imperiled Pinyon Jay ( Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus ). Additionally, we prioritized sites predicted abundance responses multiple following simulated removal at selected achieve variable objectives. Methods used model-predicted changes in species’ densities identify optimal single multi-species (ecosystem), multi-ecosystem scenarios. evaluated resulting six passerine Results Management a (Brewer’s Sparrow) provided greatest per-unit-effort that but resulted lowest population outcomes all other considered. In comparison, prioritizations within ecosystem (i.e., pinyon–juniper or sagebrush) larger associated with reduced on another ecosystem. For example, Brewer’s Sparrow average increase of 1.38% sagebrush-associated 4.58% decrease contrast, when managing songbird populations increased by 3.98% decreased 2.36%, average. Conclusions Our results illustrate result and/or opportunity costs compared designed benefit framework balance undesired is adaptable systems taxa.